Terminal User Guide
Each window in Terminal represents an instance of a shell process. The window contains a prompt that indicates you can enter a command. The prompt you see depends on your Terminal and shell preferences, but it often includes the name of the host you’re logged in to, your current working folder, your user name, and a prompt symbol. For example, if a user named michael is using the default zsh shell, the prompt appears as:
Open Terminal Using Launchpad. Launchpad in macOS is the easiest place to view and organize your apps, including Terminal. Press F4 on the keyboard to open Launchpad. You may need to press Fn + F4 if the special features are disabled on your function keys. An A-Z Index of the Apple macOS command line (macOS bash) afconvert Audio File Convert afinfo Audio File Info afplay Audio File Play airport Manage Apple AirPort alias Create an alias. alloc List used and free memory apropos Search the whatis database for strings asr Apple Software Restore atsutil Font registration system utility automator Run an Automator workflow awk Find and Replace text. The Windows Terminal is a modern, fast, efficient, powerful, and productive terminal application for users of command-line tools and shells like Command Prompt, PowerShell, and WSL. Its main features include multiple tabs, panes, Unicode and UTF-8 character support, a GPU accelerated text rendering engine, and custom themes, styles,.
This indicates that the user named michael is logged in to a computer named MacBook-Pro, and the current folder is his home folder, indicated by the tilde (~).
Open Terminal
https://uxkfixf.weebly.com/combo-list-spotify-download.html. On your Mac, do one of the following:
- Click the Launchpad icon in the Dock, type Terminal in the search field, then click Terminal.
- In the Finder , open the /Applications/Utilities folder, then double-click Terminal.
Quit Terminal
- In the Terminal app on your Mac, choose Terminal > Quit Terminal.
Quit a shell session
- In the Terminal app on your Mac, in the window running the shell process you want to quit, type
exit
How to install pirated apps on mac. , then press Return.
This ensures that commands actively running in the shell are closed. If anything’s still in progress, a dialog appears.
If you want to change the shell exit behavior, see Change Profiles Shell preferences.
See alsoExecute commands and run tools in Terminal on MacChange the default shell in Terminal on MacOpen new Terminal windows and tabs on MacUse profiles to change the look of Terminal windows on MacApple Support article: Use zsh as the default shell on your MacApple Developer website: Command Line Primer
As developers, we have lots of exciting tools at our disposal. For CSS work, we can use preprocessors like Sass and Less to improve our workflow. For front-end interactions, we can extend our work with JS libraries and frameworks.
But one of the most powerful tools in our arsenal is one that is buried deeply in our computer: The command line.
Knowing how to use the command line is crucial if you want to take full advantage of modern development tools such as Grunt, Git, Gulp, npm, Bower, Sass, and much more. The ability to use command-line interfaces is an essential skill for front-end developers.
This tutorial will serve to introduce you to the powers of incorporating a command-line workflow into your development process.
This is what will be covered in this tutorial:
- Why use the command line?
- Some terms you need to know
- Opening the command line
- Displaying your current location in the file system
- Listing the contents of a directory
- Navigating to directories
- Creating new files and directories
- Chaining commands together
- Deleting files and directories
- Moving files and directories
- Copying files and directories
Why Use the Command Line?
We have plenty of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that allow us to perform our tasks. But deep down below these apps are commands being run within the system. Often, we’re limited on the actions we can perform because of the design of the app.
The command line gives us more power over our system. It unlocks superpowers for our projects.
Some Terms You Need to Know
Throughout this tutorial, the following terminologies will be used.
- Command-line interface: This refers to the software where you input your commands in. There are various command-line interfaces you can use, and some of your options are discussed below. The default command-line interface on Mac OS is the Terminal app. For Windows users, it’s the Command Prompt.
- Command language interpreter (CLI): command-line interfaces are also often called command language interpreters. CLI for short. This term is used interchangeably with command-line interfaces throughout the tutorial.
- Directory: This is equivalent to a folder in your computer.
- Working directory: This is the current directory you’re in.
- Command option/Command flag: These are additional instructions that change the default behavior of a command.
Opening the Command Line
Mac OS
To open up the system command line, we can use the Terminal application.
![Install commands mac os terminal Install commands mac os terminal](/uploads/1/3/4/4/134443009/416294379.png)
To open up the Terminal app, go to your Applications folder, navigate to the Utilities directory and click on the Terminal app to open it.
https://dwfsjzx.weebly.com/best-mac-app-to-screenshots-and-upload.html. If you want to have more control over the command line, I recommend you install iTerm2.
Windows
On Windows, the default command-line interface is the Command Prompt.
To access the Command Prompt, click the Start button, then click All Programs > click Accessories > click Command Prompt.
Command Prompt is DOS-based. Mac OS’s Terminal app is Unix-based. Many of the commands we’ll talk about in this tutorial won’t work or will behave differently on Windows.
For Windows users, I recommend installing a tool called cmder and using that moving forward. Another CLI option for Windows users is Git Bash,which you can access after installing Git for Windows.
Displaying Your Current Location in the File System
In Mac OS, the GUI we use to navigate our file system is the Finder app. On Windows, our GUI is Windows Explorer. Think of the CLI as a file system navigator without a GUI.
Typically, when the command line is opened for the first time, you may see the name of your computer and a file path representing the root directory of your file system.
To see our current position within the file system, we can type
pwd
and press Enter within the command line. pwd
stands for print working directory.Listing the Contents of a Directory
To be presented with a list of files and subdirectories in the current directory, use the
ls
command.Navigating to Directories
With the command line, we can move to specific directories using the
cd
(change directory) command.For example, on Mac OS, to navigate to the Desktop folder, we could type:
If you would like to go up one directory, we can use two periods (
.
) as an argument of the cd
command.For example, let’s say our working directory is named SCSS. Its parent directory is named CSS:
To make the CSS directory our working directory, we can type:
We can state the relative path of a directory in order to move to subdirectories with just one
cd
command. Editplus for mac.If we want to go to the projectFolder directory, which is a subdirectory located inside the Desktop directory, we can issue the following command:
Creating New Files and Directories
Speed reading app mac. Now that we have the power to navigate around our computer using a command-line interface, we can now create new files and directories.
Imagine this, we can navigate to our project folder and then create all our HTML, CSS and JS files using the command-line.
![Mac command line open file Mac command line open file](/uploads/1/3/4/4/134443009/616973084.jpg)
With the following commands, it’s important to know what directory you are currently in (e.g. your working directory). As a reminder, we can use the
pwd
command to see our current directory.Creating a New Directory
To create a directory inside our working directory, we can use the
mkdir
(make directory) command followed by the name of the directory we want to create.How to delete cloud app on mac. To create a directory named styles, we can issue this command:
Creating a New File
To create a new file of any type, use the the
touch
command followed by the filename. You must specify the type of file you are creating with a filename extension.The following command will create an empty HTML document named index.
Chaining Commands Together
Typing one command individually for each action we want to do is a bit tedious, so in order to speed up the process, we can chain commands together with
&&
.Beware though: Each command has to successfully be executed in order for the next command to run.
The command below will: Digital clock font download mac.
- create an index.html file
- create a styles directory
- create a style.css file inside of the newly created styles directory
Deleting Files and Directories
If we have the power to make directories and files with the command line, we of course have the ability to delete them.
Note: The files and directories you decide to delete won’t be moved to your Trash/Recycling Bin. You won’t be able restore your removed files. The file is effectively removed from the system.
The command for deleting files and directories is
rm
(remove).Deleting a File
Macos Terminal Window
Let’s look first at deleting files using the
rm
command. Removing directories requires some extra instructions, which we will talk about in a short while.We can delete files by typing
rm
followed by the name of the file we want to delete. Let’s delete the contact.html file.Deleting a Directory
Removing a directory from the system is a bit trickier.
If we run the
rm
command using a directory name as an argument, we’re presented with an error. By default, the file system can’t remove directories because there may be files inside. Think of this as a safety measure.However we can override that safety measure by specifying a command option. Command options are also referred to as flags or switches.
A command option provides extra instructions. It changes the default behavior of a command. For example, the default behavior of the
rm
command is not to allow us to delete a directory and to tell us we’re trying to delete a directory.But if we use the
-r
option we can override the default behavior of the rm
command. -r
is short for recursive.Let’s remove the js directory and all files inside that directory:
Moving Files and Directories
To move a file or directory to a new location, we use the
mv
command. If you move a directory, all of its files and subdirectories will go along with it.With the
mv
command, we need to provide two arguments. The first argument we provide is the name of the file or directory we want to move. The second argument is the location where we want to move the file/directory.If we want to move main.css into the styles directory, this is the command we would issue:
If you want to move a file and rename the file along the way, simply pass in the new name as the second argument of the command. For example, if we want to move a file called reset.css and move it into the styles directory under a new filename of normalize.css, this is the command we would use:
Copying Files and Directories
If you want to take an existing file or directory and make a copy of it somewhere else, we can utilize the
cp
(copy) command.Like the
mv
command, we need to provide two arguments when issuing the cp
command: the name of the file we want to copy, and the location of where the file will be copied to.Copying a File
The following command will create a copy of a file named index.html in the current working directory. The copy of the file will be named contact.html.
Copying a Directory
Mac Os Command Line Tools
When you copy a directory to another location, all the files and subdirectories are copied along with it.
Earlier, remember when we tried to delete a directory with the
rm
command, we were presented with an error message and the CLI prevented us from deleting the directory? We will encounter a similar issue when we try to copy a directory to another location. However, using the -r
flag, we can override this default behavior.Mac Terminal App
The following command will copy the styles directory. The copy of the styles directory will be named stylesNew.
Conclusion
Mac Os Terminal Commands Pdf
Here is a summary of all the commands we covered in this tutorial:
pwd | Print working directory |
ls | List contents of a directory |
cd <directory-name> | Change directory |
mkdir <directory-name> | Make directory |
touch <filename.extension> | Create a file |
rm <filename.extension> | Remove a file |
rm -r <directory-name> | Remove a directory recursively |
mv <filename.extension> <target-directory>/<filename.extension> | Move a file to a directory |
mv <filename.extension> <target-directory>/<another-filename.extension> | Move a file to a directory and rename the file |
cp <filename.extension> <another-filename.extension> | Copy a file |
cp -r <directory-name> <another-directory-name> | Copy a directory recursively |
If you wish to discover more commands and learn how to customize the colours (sorry, I’m Canadian) of your terminal/command prompt I recommend checking out the video series called Command Line Power User by my colleague and friend, Wes Bos.
Until next time, happy command-lining!